The Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas, commonly known as the 1734 Murillo Velarde Map, is often cited as the “Mother of all Philippine Maps.” Looking specifically at the segment depicting the island of Cebu (labeled “Zebu”), one is immediately struck by how recognizable the geography and toponymy…
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Domingo De Escondrillas: Architect and Builder
The history of the nineteenth-century Visayas is often told through the ledger books of merchant houses or the revolutionary fervor of the Ilustrados. We speak of the opening of the Port of Cebu in 1860, the sugar boom of Negros, and the sudden influx of British and American capital that…
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Lazi Convent: A Titan of Philippine Architecture
Stepping into the town of Lazi on the southern edge of Siquijor, one is immediately arrested by a sense of scale that seems almost out of place in such a tranquil, provincial setting. Here, amidst the whispering acacia trees and the humid breeze of the Mindanao Sea, stands the San…
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Lim Ancestral House of Valencia: Bohol’s Largest
In the quiet coastal town of Valencia, Bohol, formerly known as Panangatan, the architectural timeline of the Philippines is often measured in the erosion of coral stone or the fading of timber. Yet, dominating the town center stands a structure that defies the organic decay of the Spanish era, asserting…
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Malabuyoc Baluarte: A Watchtower turned Museum
The southern littoral of Cebu possesses a deceptive tranquility, particularly along the TaƱon Strait in Malabuyoc. Observing the silhouette of Negros Island across the channel, one might appreciate the scenic geography, yet a historical analysis reveals this strait was less a picturesque boundary and more a strategic chokepoint. The calm,…
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Bohol History: The Pipe Organ of Loay
There is a specific quality to the air in Loay, where the mouth of the Loboc River spills into the Bohol Sea, a mix of brine and the ancient humidity of the river delta. It was here, upon a plateau chosen for defense against the slave-raiding fleets of the past,…







